Identify and describe the anatomy, histology, and hormonal outputs of the endocrine glands including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex and medulla, endocrine pancreas, and gonads - and explain feedback mechanisms regulating hormone synthesis, release, and action.
|Knowledge for Practice:
8. Apply knowledge of the biomedical sciences to care for patients.
| |Explain the pathophysiological basis of
endocrine disorders across the major axes -
thyroid, adrenal, gonadal, pancreatic/metabolic, and calcium/parathyroid/bone - including the
roles of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle
factors in each disease.
Knowledge for Practice:
9. Apply established and emerging principles of clinical sciences to diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making and evidence-based health care.
| |Assess and interpret clinical signs, symptoms,
and endocrine laboratory data - including
hormonal assays, dynamic stimulation and
suppression tests (glucose tolerance,
dexamethasone suppression, cosyntropin
stimulation), and imaging studies - to
accurately diagnose and classify endocrine
diseases.
Patient Care:
2: Interpret laboratory data, imaging studies, and other tests required for the area of practice.
Knowledge for Practice:
9: Apply established and emerging principles of clinical sciences to diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making and evidence-based health care.
| | Describe and apply evidence-based pharmacologic, nutritional, and lifestyle approaches to the management of common endocrine disorders, including insulin and noninsulin therapies for diabetes; thyroid hormone replacement and antithyroid therapy; glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement for adrenal insufficiency; sex hormone therapy when indicated; and pharmacologic and lifestyle approaches to osteoporosis and metabolic disease. |Patient Care:
3: Make informed decisions about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based on patient information, up-to-date scientific evidence, and clinical judgment.
Knowledge for Practice:
9: Apply established and emerging principles of clinical sciences to diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making and evidence-based health care.
| | Describe the principles of patient and family education and self-management for common endocrine disorders, including glucose monitoring, insulin administration, recognition of hypoglycemia, medication adherence, lifestyle modification, and recognition of symptoms requiring urgent medical evaluation. |Patient Care:
4: Counsel and educate patients and their families so that they can participate in their care and enable shared decision making.
Interpersonal & Communication Skills:
20: Communicate effectively with patients, families, and the public across a broad range of socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds.
| | Apply clinical reasoning and evidence-based principles to patient case scenarios to identify likely diagnoses and appropriate diagnostic and initial management approaches. |Patient Care:
3: Make informed decisions about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based on patient information, up-to-date scientific evidence, and clinical judgment.
Practice-Based Learning:
13: Locate, appraise, and assimilate evidence from scientific studies related to patients' health problems.
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